Outcomes of Three Different Minimal Invasive Approaches for Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Single Institute Experience

Objective: The aims of this retrospective study were to investigate and evaluate the safety and efficacy of three approaches for closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods: In this study, we reviewed clinical data for transcatheter occlusion (TCO, n =63), transthoracic occlusion (TTO, n =55), and right anterolateral minithoracotomy (RALT, n =60) techniques used for ASD closure. We compared the safety and efficacy of the three approaches. Results: ASD size in the TTO group was similar to that in the RALT group ( P =0.645) and significantly larger than that in the TCO group ( P