Effect of low-speed drilling without irrigation on osseointegration: an experimental study in dogs

Objective To study the early phases of osseointegration at implants installed in sites prepared with either high rotational speed with irrigation or low rotational speed without irrigation. Material and methods After 3 months from tooth extraction, two implants were installed in one side of the mandible of twelve dogs. The osteotomies were prepared either at 60 rpm without irrigation or at 750 rpm with refrigeration. Biopsies were obtained after 4 and 8 weeks of healing, six animals each period for histological analyses. Results After 4 weeks of healing, new bone percentage in contact with the implant surface (BIC%) was 46.6 ± 7.3% and 43.1 ± 6.8% at the low- and high-speed sites, respectively ( p = 0.345). After 8 weeks of healing, the fractions increased to 60.0 ± 11.1% and 60.2 ± 6.2%, respectively ( p = 0.753). Conclusions Implants installed in sites prepared using either low-rotational drilling without irrigation or high speed with irrigation presented similar amounts of osseointegration.