Tunable illumination for LED-based systems using refractive freeform arrays

Tunable illumination with high uniformity can improve functionality for multiple application areas. In lighting applications, dynamic illumination has been achieved by applying axial movement to the source(s) or other optical elements, resulting in poor uniformity, or using a liquid lens that adds design complexity. Advances in high-precision manufacturing methods have facilitated the practical implementation of freeform optical components, enabling new design approaches for illumination systems. This paper explores the use of arrays of varifocal transmissive freeform Alvarez lenses for an LED-based illumination system. The design is initialized using paraxial geometrical optics concepts and then refined for a 1mm-by−1 mm white LED source through a multi-step optimization. Design procedures are discussed, and simulation results are presented for an example illumination system that varies from a small circular spot mode to a large square uniform flood mode through millimeter-scale lateral translation between the Alvarez lens arrays.