Relationship between self-reported sleep duration during week-/work-days and metabolic syndrome from NHANES 2013 to 2016

Purpose This research aimed at determining the relationship between self-reported sleep duration during week-/work-days and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from NHANES 2013 to 2016. Methods This study analyzed data from 11,181 people aged 16 or older who took part in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys) from 2013 to 2016. A standard questionnaire was used to define self-reported sleep duration, and MetS was defined on the basis of the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program)/ATP III revised diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) models were used to assess the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and MetS. Results The overall prevalence of MetS in the study cohort was 26.1%, with 24.8% for males and 27.3% for females. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, MetS was significantly associated with self-reported short sleep duration (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.31, P = 0.013) but not with long sleep duration ( P = 0.117). RCS regression revealed that self-reported sleep duration was nonlinearly related to MetS ( P for nonlinearity = 0.0026). The risk of MetS decreased with increased sleep duration for durations of less than 7 h/day, while there was no association for longer sleep durations. Conclusion These results suggest that self-reported short sleep duration is a risk factor for MetS, while long sleep duration is not.