Gender Differences in Number of Citations Per Paper Among Well-Cited Researchers in Cardiology in the United States (1960 to 2018)

Previous research has found gender differences in faculty rank among researchers in cardiology in the United States (US).1 Explanations include differences in research productivity stemming from differences in institutional support and in distribution of household responsibilities, lack of mentorship and role models for women, and gender bias in the grant review process.1,2 Although such barriers may limit the number of papers female researchers publish, less is known about gender differences among researchers in cardiology in number of citations per paper for the papers they do publish, another metric that institutions may consider when evaluating researchers. The University of California, Los Angeles Institutional Review Board determined that this was not human subjects research. [...]in our sample of well-cited US researchers in cardiology, we found that although male researchers had higher productivity as measured by number of published papers, female researchers had a higher ratio of citations to papers, with larger differences when examining the upper end of the distribution.