Nanotechnology-assisted production of value-added biopotent energy-yielding products from lignocellulosic biomass refinery – A review

[Display omitted] •Nanotechnology aids in refining LCB to increase its efficacy as a fuel.•Immobilization of enzymes onto NPs can improve the overall catalytic efficiency.•Nanomaterials can readily interact with LCB components at low severity to biofuel.•Nanoparticles accelerate reaction kinetics to enhance biohydrogen production. The need to develop sustainable alternatives for pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a massive concern in the industrial sector today. Breaking down of LCB yields sugars and fuel in the bulk scale. If explored under nanotechnology, LCB can be refined to yield high–performance fuel sources. The toxicity and cost of conventional methods can be reduced by applying nanoparticles (NPs) in refining LCB. Immobilization of enzymes onto NPs or used in conjugation with nanomaterials would instill specific and eco–friendly options for hydrolyzing LCB. Nanomaterials increase the proficiency, reusability, and stability of enzymes. Notably, magnetic NPs have bagged their place in the downstream processing of LCB effluents due to their efficient separation and cost-effectiveness. The current review highlights the role of nanotechnology and its particles in refining LCB into various commercial precursors and value-added products. The relationship between nanotechnology and LCB refinery is portrayed effectively in the present study.