Implementation of a Nutrition Care Bundle and Improved Weight Gain of Extremely Preterm Infants to 36 Weeks Postmenstrual Age

To evaluate the effect of a nutrition care bundle in improving growth in premature infants during neonatal hospitalization. This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 584 surviving infants with birth weight ≤1000 g and gestational age 24-29 weeks admitted to a single-center neonatal intensive care unit between July 3, 2005, and June 6, 2016. Participants were divided into 3 discrete epochs based on evolving nutrition practices during the study period: epoch 1, baseline, open-bay setting; epoch 2, improved lactation staffing, introduction of high-protein formula, single-family room setting; epoch 3, complete nutrition care bundle. Infants in each epoch were evaluated for the primary outcome of change in weight z-score between postnatal day 7 and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) or discharge if sooner. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of clinical variables on outcome. Significant increases in weight z-score between day of life 7 and 36 weeks PMA were observed across the 3 epochs, which accounted for 31% (P