Application and validation of a biotic ligand model for calculating acute toxicity of lead to Moina dubia in lakes of Hanoi, Vietnam

It is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) can successfully predict the toxicity of divalent metals toward aquatic biota applied to temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the eutrophic lakes in tropical regions toward native tropical organisms, including Moina , are relatively limited. In this study, Moina dubia , the native organism of the Hanoi eutrophic urban lakes, were used in toxicological studies of lead (Pb); 24-h EC 50 value of Pb was 523.19 µg/L under optimal living conditions for M. dubia in the laboratory. The constant binding of Pb 2+ on M. dubia surface sites (log K PbBL = 2.38) was significantly low. Other stability constants were obtained under experiments as logK CaBL = 2.48, logK MgBL = 2.80, logK NaBL = 2.35, logK KBL = 2.49, and logK HBL = 3.026. A BLM was developed to calculate the acute toxicity (EC 50 -24 h) of lead on M. dubia based on the condition of the urban lakes of Hanoi. Validation with toxicity data in synthetic medium showed a coefficient determination of 79.16% and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 10.2%, while the validation with the toxicity data with natural water medium from 11 Hanoi lakes showed a coefficient determination of 73.7% and a MAPE of 13.66%. The BLM worked well with water at a pH of 7.0 to 8.0, but failed with water at a pH above 8.0. Eutrophic conditions proved to have a significant effect on the toxicity of lead on local zooplankton.