Prevention of retained fetal membranes and improvement in subsequent fertility with oxytocin administration in cows with assisted calving

In dairy cows, the efficacy of oxytocin treatment for preventing retained fetal membranes (RFM) is controversial. The physiological condition of cows associated with the calving process may affect the action of oxytocin. This study aimed to elucidate the difference in the efficacy of exogenous oxytocin treatment immediately after calving among cows that received various obstetric interventions. The calving ease was recorded using a score of 1–5, and assisted birth was defined as a score of 2 or more. Cows that required calving assistance (assisted, n = 28) due to delayed calving progression had a prolonged time from calving to expulsion of the fetal membrane (P