Autonomy- and Connectedness-Oriented Behaviors of Toddlers and Mothers at Different Historical Times in Urban China
This study examined toddlers' autonomy- and connectedness-oriented behaviors and mothers' encouragement of autonomy and connectedness in two cohorts (1995 and 2008) in urban China. Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 2021-08, Vol.57 (8), p.1254-1260 |
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| container_end_page | 1260 |
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| container_issue | 8 |
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| container_title | Developmental psychology |
| container_volume | 57 |
| creator | Chen, Xi Chen, Xinyin Zhao, Siman Way, Niobe Yoshikawa, Hirokazu Zhang, Guangzhen Deng, Huihua Cao, Ruixin Chen, Huichang Li, Dan |
| description | This study examined toddlers' autonomy- and connectedness-oriented behaviors and mothers' encouragement of autonomy and connectedness in two cohorts (1995 and 2008) in urban China. Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session. The results showed that compared with children in the 1995 cohort (207 children, 95 boys, Mage = 24.09 months), children in the 2008 cohort (281 children, 144 boys, Mage = 24.34 months) displayed fewer connectedness-oriented behaviors and spent more time on autonomous activities. Compared with mothers in the 1995 cohort (45% with a college education), mothers in the 2008 cohort (43.4% with a college education) were less likely to display involvement in children's activities and more likely to encourage child autonomy. The results suggest that macrolevel contexts may play an important role in shaping parenting and children's behaviors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/dev0001224 |
| format | Article |
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Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session. The results showed that compared with children in the 1995 cohort (207 children, 95 boys, Mage = 24.09 months), children in the 2008 cohort (281 children, 144 boys, Mage = 24.34 months) displayed fewer connectedness-oriented behaviors and spent more time on autonomous activities. Compared with mothers in the 1995 cohort (45% with a college education), mothers in the 2008 cohort (43.4% with a college education) were less likely to display involvement in children's activities and more likely to encourage child autonomy. The results suggest that macrolevel contexts may play an important role in shaping parenting and children's behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1649</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0599</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/dev0001224</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Asian Culture ; Autonomy ; Behavior ; Boys ; Child Behavior ; Childhood Play Behavior ; Children & youth ; Connectedness ; Early Childhood Development ; Educational Attainment ; Encouragement ; Female ; Foreign Countries ; Higher education ; History ; Human ; Male ; Mother Child Relations ; Mothers ; Parent Background ; Parent Child Relationship ; Parenting ; Parenting Styles ; Parents & parenting ; Personal Autonomy ; Social Change ; Socialization ; Time use ; Toddlers ; Urban Areas</subject><ispartof>Developmental psychology, 2021-08, Vol.57 (8), p.1254-1260</ispartof><rights>2021 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2021, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Aug 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a309t-497b5bfb1e87bd46bc25501eb0b0149b4037b40c205c6a0453a1426fd3661d763</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-0784-1940 ; 0000-0002-8503-5469</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1311151$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dubow, Eric F</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xinyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Siman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Way, Niobe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshikawa, Hirokazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Guangzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Huihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Ruixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Huichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Dan</creatorcontrib><title>Autonomy- and Connectedness-Oriented Behaviors of Toddlers and Mothers at Different Historical Times in Urban China</title><title>Developmental psychology</title><description>This study examined toddlers' autonomy- and connectedness-oriented behaviors and mothers' encouragement of autonomy and connectedness in two cohorts (1995 and 2008) in urban China. Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session. The results showed that compared with children in the 1995 cohort (207 children, 95 boys, Mage = 24.09 months), children in the 2008 cohort (281 children, 144 boys, Mage = 24.34 months) displayed fewer connectedness-oriented behaviors and spent more time on autonomous activities. Compared with mothers in the 1995 cohort (45% with a college education), mothers in the 2008 cohort (43.4% with a college education) were less likely to display involvement in children's activities and more likely to encourage child autonomy. The results suggest that macrolevel contexts may play an important role in shaping parenting and children's behaviors.</description><subject>Asian Culture</subject><subject>Autonomy</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Boys</subject><subject>Child Behavior</subject><subject>Childhood Play Behavior</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Connectedness</subject><subject>Early Childhood Development</subject><subject>Educational Attainment</subject><subject>Encouragement</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foreign Countries</subject><subject>Higher education</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mother Child Relations</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Parent Background</subject><subject>Parent Child Relationship</subject><subject>Parenting</subject><subject>Parenting Styles</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Personal Autonomy</subject><subject>Social Change</subject><subject>Socialization</subject><subject>Time use</subject><subject>Toddlers</subject><subject>Urban Areas</subject><issn>0012-1649</issn><issn>1939-0599</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUuLFDEQgIMoOK5evAsBLyK2pjpJp3Ncx9VVVvYyew5JuprJ0pOMSffC_HvTjih48VLPr4p6EPIS2HtgXH0Y8IExBm0rHpENaK4bJrV-TDZrsIFO6KfkWSn31RVcyw0pl8ucYjqcGmrjQLcpRvQzDhFLaW5zwFgd-hH39iGkXGga6S4Nw4TVXgu-p3n_y57ppzCOmGsBvQ5lTjl4O9FdOGChIdK77Gyk232I9jl5Mtqp4Ivf-oLcfb7aba-bm9svX7eXN43lTM-N0MpJNzrAXrlBdM63UjJAx1ydXjtRF67Ct0z6zjIhuQXRduPAuw4G1fEL8ubc95jTjwXLbA6heJwmGzEtxbRS9Ur2ohUVff0Pep-WHOt0K6UFiK6X_6GU6nXlKvX2TPmcSsk4mmMOB5tPBphZv2T-fqnCr84w1nv9Aa--AQcACTX_7py3R2uO5eRtnoOfsPglr7deexmpTG-glYL_BJlYnFo</recordid><startdate>202108</startdate><enddate>202108</enddate><creator>Chen, Xi</creator><creator>Chen, Xinyin</creator><creator>Zhao, Siman</creator><creator>Way, Niobe</creator><creator>Yoshikawa, Hirokazu</creator><creator>Zhang, Guangzhen</creator><creator>Deng, Huihua</creator><creator>Cao, Ruixin</creator><creator>Chen, Huichang</creator><creator>Li, Dan</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-1940</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5469</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202108</creationdate><title>Autonomy- and Connectedness-Oriented Behaviors of Toddlers and Mothers at Different Historical Times in Urban China</title><author>Chen, Xi ; Chen, Xinyin ; Zhao, Siman ; Way, Niobe ; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu ; Zhang, Guangzhen ; Deng, Huihua ; Cao, Ruixin ; Chen, Huichang ; Li, Dan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a309t-497b5bfb1e87bd46bc25501eb0b0149b4037b40c205c6a0453a1426fd3661d763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Asian Culture</topic><topic>Autonomy</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Boys</topic><topic>Child Behavior</topic><topic>Childhood Play Behavior</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Connectedness</topic><topic>Early Childhood Development</topic><topic>Educational Attainment</topic><topic>Encouragement</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foreign Countries</topic><topic>Higher education</topic><topic>History</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mother Child Relations</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Parent Background</topic><topic>Parent Child Relationship</topic><topic>Parenting</topic><topic>Parenting Styles</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Personal Autonomy</topic><topic>Social Change</topic><topic>Socialization</topic><topic>Time use</topic><topic>Toddlers</topic><topic>Urban Areas</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xinyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Siman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Way, Niobe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshikawa, Hirokazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Guangzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Huihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Ruixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Huichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Dan</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Xi</au><au>Chen, Xinyin</au><au>Zhao, Siman</au><au>Way, Niobe</au><au>Yoshikawa, Hirokazu</au><au>Zhang, Guangzhen</au><au>Deng, Huihua</au><au>Cao, Ruixin</au><au>Chen, Huichang</au><au>Li, Dan</au><au>Dubow, Eric F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1311151</ericid><atitle>Autonomy- and Connectedness-Oriented Behaviors of Toddlers and Mothers at Different Historical Times in Urban China</atitle><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle><date>2021-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1254</spage><epage>1260</epage><pages>1254-1260</pages><issn>0012-1649</issn><eissn>1939-0599</eissn><abstract>This study examined toddlers' autonomy- and connectedness-oriented behaviors and mothers' encouragement of autonomy and connectedness in two cohorts (1995 and 2008) in urban China. Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session. The results showed that compared with children in the 1995 cohort (207 children, 95 boys, Mage = 24.09 months), children in the 2008 cohort (281 children, 144 boys, Mage = 24.34 months) displayed fewer connectedness-oriented behaviors and spent more time on autonomous activities. Compared with mothers in the 1995 cohort (45% with a college education), mothers in the 2008 cohort (43.4% with a college education) were less likely to display involvement in children's activities and more likely to encourage child autonomy. 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| subjects | Asian Culture Autonomy Behavior Boys Child Behavior Childhood Play Behavior Children & youth Connectedness Early Childhood Development Educational Attainment Encouragement Female Foreign Countries Higher education History Human Male Mother Child Relations Mothers Parent Background Parent Child Relationship Parenting Parenting Styles Parents & parenting Personal Autonomy Social Change Socialization Time use Toddlers Urban Areas |
| title | Autonomy- and Connectedness-Oriented Behaviors of Toddlers and Mothers at Different Historical Times in Urban China |
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