The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia over a decade after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy: analysis of genetic mutations in the pfcrt gene
This study investigated the polymorphism in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter ( pfcrt ) gene 11 years after chloroquine (CQ) cessation in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and thirty-five P. falciparum isolates were amplified to detect mutations in the pfcrt gen...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Parasitology research (1987) 2021-11, Vol.120 (11), p.3771-3781 |
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Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
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Zusammenfassung: | This study investigated the polymorphism in the
P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter
(
pfcrt
) gene 11 years after chloroquine (CQ) cessation in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and thirty-five
P. falciparum
isolates were amplified to detect mutations in the
pfcrt
gene. The
pfcrt
76
T
molecular marker for CQ resistance was detected in 66.4% (156/235) of the isolates, while the K76 CQ-sensitive wild type was detected in 33.6%. The
pfcrt
74
I
and
pfcrt
75
E
point mutations were each found to be present in 56.2% of isolates, while only four isolates (1.7%) were found to carry the
pfcrt
72
S
mutation. Moreover, four
pfcrt
haplotypes were identified as follows: the CV
IET
triple-allele (56.2%),
S
VME
T
double-allele (1.7%) and CVMN
T
single-allele (8.5%) mutant haplotypes and the CVMNK wild haplotype (33.6%). The analysis also revealed significant associations between the prevalence of mutant
pfcrt
alleles and haplotypes and the age group, governorate and nationality of the patients as well as the parasitaemia level (
p
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ISSN: | 0932-0113 1432-1955 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00436-021-07323-4 |