Percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: Postoperative MRI findings

Background and Purpose Percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy is an ablative procedure that can be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia in patients who have failed prior pharmacologic and surgical treatments. Using perioperative computed tomography (CT) guidance, ablation of the descending spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal tract can be performed precisely to mitigate damage to surrounding structures. These patients are subsequently followed with postoperative imaging and clinical visits to assess long‐term pain relief. Methods In this report, we present a series of four patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were had refractory disease after prior medical and surgical interventions. These patients underwent CT‐guided percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy for pain relief. The patients underwent postoperative MRI and were followed for up to 6 months for long‐term clinical outcomes. Results For intraoperative CT, we find that preprocedure lumbar contrast injection enables better visualization of the cord during placement of the ablation probe. On postoperative imaging, we find that all four patients have hyperintense lesions on T2‐weighted MRI that correspond with the location of the trigeminal nucleus and tract. Three patients had short‐term pain relief, one of which continued to have long‐term relief. Conclusion Intraoperative CT and postoperative MRI serve as useful modalities for confirming localization, evaluating complications, and can be used as a metric for quality control.