The association of nighttime sleep duration and quality with chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and older Chinese: a cohort study

This cohort study aimed to assess the associations between sleep duration and quality with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older Chinese. We used the 2011 and 2015 surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Nighttime sleep duration was categorized into five groups: ≤4, (4–6], (6–8], (8–10], and >10 h/night. Sleep quality was assessed by restless days in the past week (10 h/night (RR: 2.342, 95% CI: 1.007–5.451) had increased risk of developing CKD after adjustment for confounders. Participants with 5–7 restless days per week had significantly increased risk of CKD (adjusted RR: 1.686, 95% CI: 1.352–2.102), compared to those who rarely or never had a restless sleep. Extreme nighttime sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with increased risk of CKD in middle-aged and older Chinese. Obtaining an optimal nighttime sleep duration and better sleep quality might reduce the risk of CKD. •The four-year incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older Chinese was 7.8%.•There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and risk of CKD.•Poor sleep quality was associated with increased risk of CKD.