Prevalence of Anti-Toxocara canis Antibodies in Dogs Detected with Recombinant Cathepsin L-1 and TES-26 Antigens in Three States of India

Purpose Toxocara canis is a common intestinal nematode parasite of dogs with recognized zoonotic potential in tropical countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti- T. canis antibodies in two target dog populations: household and community-owned, distributed over three distinct geographical regions of India. Methods Two recombinant proteins of T. canis , cathepsin L-1 (CL-1) and Toxocara excretory-secretory-26 (TES-26), expressed in Escherichia coli, were used for studying the prevalence of anti- T. canis antibodies in dog populations in three distinct geographical regions of the country using an IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 615 sera, 507 from household and 108 from community owned dogs were screened for IgG antibodies. Results ELISA with recombinant (r) CL-1 showed 37.7% and 53.7% seroreactivity in household and community owned dogs, respectively. However, the rTES-26 antigen showed higher seroreactivity of 39.6% and 87.9% in the corresponding groups of household and community owned dogs, respectively. Chi-squared analysis of the data indicated that there was not any association in the prevalence of anti- T. canis antibodies between the samples analyzed from the three regions and the two cohorts of dog groups. However, the seroprevalence was higher in community owned dogs compared to household owned dogs. Conclusion The results of the serological evaluation suggest that both the groups of dogs show high seroreactivity rates and are likely to harbor T. canis infections of tissue dwelling dormant larvae.