Discovery of an M -Substituted N -Cyclopropylmethyl-7α-phenyl-6,14-endoethanotetrahydronorthebaine as a Selective, Potent, and Orally Active κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist with an Improved Central Nervous System Safety Profile

The search for selective kappa opioid receptor (κOR) agonists with an improved safety profile is an area of interest in opioid research. In this work, a series of -substituted analogs were designed, synthesized, and assayed, resulting in the identification of compound ( ) as a κOR agonist with single-digit nanomolar activities. The subtype selectivity of compound appeared to be a consequence of an enormous decrease in the affinity for μOR and δOR, rather than a significant increase in the affinity for κOR, which was not the case for , another selective and potent κOR agonist identified in our previous work. Besides reduced central nervous system effects, exhibited substantially improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties compared with , with increases of over 20-fold in aqueous solubility and approximately 40-fold in oral bioavailability in rats.