Prevalence of coronary calcium deposits in Sheehan’s syndrome patients on long term replacement treatment

Purpose Sheehan’s Syndrome (SS) is one of the most important causes of hypopituitarism in developing countries with patients having varying degrees and severity of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency including growth hormone deficiency (GHD). SS is characterized by increased clustering of metabolic and proinflammatory risk factors predisposing them to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Coronary calcium deposits (CCD), a marker for significant coronary atherosclerosis, is used for evaluation in asymptomatic individuals of global cardiac risk to develop events related to coronary heart disease (CHD). This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients with SS appropriately replaced for pituitary hormone deficiencies but untreated for GHD. Methods Thirty patients previously diagnosed with SS and stable on a conventional replacement treatment for at least 6 months before the study and thirty age and Body Mass Index (BMI) matched controls were enrolled in this observational study. The subjects underwent detailed clinical, biochemical, and hormone analysis. Coronary multidetector computed tomography was performed in 19 SS patients and 19 healthy participants by a 16-row multislice scanner. Non contrast acquisitions were performed to detect coronary calcifications. Calcium was quantified by the Agatston score (AS) in all subjects. AS > 10 indicates increased CHD risk. Results The mean (± SD) age was 38.30 ± 10.73 years and the diagnostic delay was 11.35 ± 4.74 years. Patients with SS had significantly higher mean triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations on conventional replacement therapy. The prevalence of CCD was significantly higher in patients of SS compared to controls (42.1% vs. 5.3%; P = 0.023). The presence of CCD and AS > 10 were detected in 42.1% and 31.6% of patients respectively. The presence of significant calcification (Agatston score > 10) was documented in 75% of patients (6/8) of the SS patients with CCD compared to none in the control group ( P = 0.019). (Left anteriordescending, 1; left circumflex, 2; right coronary artery, 2 and posterior descending, 1) Conclusion Since coronary artery calcium is an independent predictor of CHD events, the presence of significant prevalence of CCD in patients with SS compared to healthy matched controls, undermines the importance of early risk stratification of SS individua