Dairy associations for the targeted control of opportunistic Candida

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of twenty-six combinations of lactic acid bacteria, propionibacteria, acetic acid bacteria and dairy yeasts inoculated in whey and milk were investigated. Associations including acetic acid bacteria were shown to suppress growth of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans in well-diffusion assays . The protective effect of milk fermented with the two most promising consortia was confirmed in Caco-2 cell culture infected with C. albicans . Indeed, these fermented milks, after heat-treatment or not, suppressed lactate dehydrogenase release after 48 h while significant increase in LDH release was observed in the positive control ( C. albicans alone) and with fermented milk obtained using commercial yogurt starter cultures. The analysis of volatile compounds in the cell-free supernatant using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed accumulation of significant amount of acetic acid by the consortium composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 5 , Lactobacillus gallinarum 1 , Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri 3 , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 33-4 , Acetobacter syzygii 2 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 19, which corresponded to the zone of partial inhibition of C. albicans growth during well-diffusion assays. Interestingly, another part of anti- Candida activity, yielding small and transparent inhibition zones, was linked with the consortium cell fraction. This study showed a correlation between anti- Candida activity and the presence of acetic acid bacteria in dairy associations as well as a significant effect of two dairy associations against C. albicans in a Caco-2 cell model. These two associations may be promising consortia for developing functional dairy products with antagonistic action against candidiasis agents. Graphic abstract