Relationship between different air pollutants and total and cause-specific emergency ambulance dispatches in Shanghai, China

Objective Air pollutants play a crucial role in human health and disease. Emergency ambulance dispatch data have excellent potential for public and environmental health research. This study aimed at investigating the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on the emergency ambulance dispatches. Methods We used data on emergency ambulance dispatches in Shanghai Municipality, China, from April 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The association of the daily emergency ambulance dispatches with air pollutants including PM 2.5 (particles ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), PM 10 , O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 was analyzed with the use of time-series analyses. Results A total of 310,825 emergency ambulance dispatches for acute illness occurred in Shanghai during the study period. An increase in PM 2.5 by 10 μg/m 3 at lag1 and lag2 was shown to increase the risk of emergency ambulance dispatches (RR for lag1 = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11, RR for lag2 = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12). PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 also showed significant associations with emergency ambulance dispatches in single-pollutant models. Cause-specific analyses showed an elevation in PM 2.5 by 10 μg/m 3 was associated with an increased risk of emergency ambulance dispatches related to respiratory diseases on the current day (lag0, RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.33), while the impact on emergency ambulance dispatches related to other diseases presented 1–3 days later. The other pollutants have the similar trend. Conclusions Our findings show a strong relationship between ambient air pollutants and emergency ambulance dispatches. Our study contributes to the growing body of evidence describing the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution and will benefit ambulance services for early warning and effective ambulatory planning.