The tick fauna in Istanbul, Turkey, from 2013 to 2017 and identification of their pathogens by multiplex PCR: an epidemiological study

Ticks may carry several pathogens as vectors and their pathogen load may vary due to differences in geography, climate and vegetation. In this study, we collected ticks from 39 districts of Istanbul (Turkey) between May and October, from 2013 to 2017, and identified them under stereo-microscope. In addition, we investigated the pathogens that the ticks carry ( Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Rickettsia sp. and Babesia sp.) by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We collected a total of 875 ticks from the ground and from various animals and kept them at 4 °C until experiments. We identified 248 Rhipicephalus bursa (28.3% of the total), 205 (23.4%) Rhipicephalus annulatus , 197 (22.5%) Haemaphysalis concinna , 149 (17.0%) Rhipicephalus sanguineus , 24 (2.7%) Hyalomma marginatum , 21 (2.4%) Ixodes ricinus , 13 (1.5%) Rhipicephalus kohlsi , 5 (0.6%) Hyalomma anatolicum , 5 (0.6%) Hyalomma aegyptium , 5 (0.6%) Dermacentor niveus and 3 (0.3%) Ixodes hexagonus . We included a total of 328 questing ticks in the study: 63 R. bursa , 63 R. sanguineus , 63 R. annulatus , 63 H. concinna , 24 H. marginatum , 21 I. ricinus , 13 R. kohlsi , 5 H. anatolicum , 5 H. aegyptium , 5 D. niveus and 3 I. hexagonus . Multiplex PCR indicated that 80 (24.4%) ticks were infected with Rickettsia sp., 5 (1.5%) with B. burgdorferi and 1 (0.3%) with Babesia sp. Our study indicated that Rickettsia is more common in ticks collected around Istanbul.