Ruthenium Catalyzed Intramolecular C−X (X=C, N, O, S) Bond Formation via C−H Functionalization: An Overview

Ruthenium catalyzed C−H activation is well known for its high tolerance towards the functional group and broad applicability in organic synthesis and molecular sciences, with significant applications in pharmaceutical industries, material sciences, and polymer industry. In the last few decades, enormous progress has been observed with ruthenium‐catalyzed C−H activation chemistry. Notably, the vast majority of the C−H functionalization known in the literature are intermolecular, although the intramolecular variant provides fascinating new structural facet starting from the simple molecular scaffolds. Intramolecular C−H functionalization is atom economical and step efficient, results in less formation of undesired products which is easy to purify. This has created a lot of interest in organic chemistry in developing new synthetic strategies for such functionalization. The focus of this review is to present the relatively unexplored intramolecular functionalization of C−H bonds into C−X (X=C, N, O, S) bonds utilizing versatile ruthenium catalysts, their scope, and brief mechanistic discussion. This review article describes the ruthenium‐catalyzed C−X (X=C, N, O, S) bond formation via intramolecular C−H functionalization that leads to the generation of various cyclic and heterocyclic molecules in good to excellent yield. Additionally, the substrate scope and brief mechanistic discussions of these reactions were also covered in this article.