A fluorinated chitosan‐based QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of 20 organophosphorus pesticide residues in ginseng using GC–MS/MS

In this study, a new fluorinated methacrylamide (MACF) was synthesized and evaluated as an adsorbent in the dispersive solid‐phase extraction for the effective determination and extraction of 20 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from ginseng samples using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) method coupled with GC–MS/MS. The properties of MACF were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high‐resolution 19F NMR. MACF, chitosan, primary and secondary amine, octadecylsilane, graphitized carbon black, Z‐Sep, Z‐Sep+, and EMR‐Lipid were compared in terms of extraction efficiency. The best results were obtained when MACF was used. Matrix‐matched calibration was employed for quantification. All the OPPs exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.9969) with the concentration at their respective concentration ranges. The limits of detection were 1.5–3.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 5.0–10.0 μg/kg. The trueness of the 20 pesticides at four spiked levels ranged from 86.1 to 111.1%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 11.3%. The modified QuEChERS method using MACF as the adsorbent was sensitive, reliable, and cost‐effective and could be used for the determination of 20 OPP residues in ginseng.