Dual-mode detection of organophosphate pesticides in pear and Chinese cabbage based on fluorescence and AuNPs colorimetric assays

•Dual-mode method based on fluorescent and colorimetric sensor was established for detection of OPs pesticides.•This fluorescence/color detection system determined low concentration of OPs pesticide in real fruit and vegetable samples.•The method design is simple, rapid, and had good sensitivity. Herein, a dual-mode method based on fluorescent and colorimetric sensor was developed for determination of organophosphate pesticides (OPs). In this study, indoxyl acetate (IDA) was hydrolyzed by esterase into indophenol. Indophenol leads to changes in fluorescence signal and aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); ultimately changing the color from red to blue. When OPs exist, the formation of indophenol was inhibited. With increasing the concentrations of OPs, the enhancement rate of fluorescence signal decreases, and the color change of AuNPs weakened gradually. The assay was applied for determination of dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and paraoxon, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.0032 mg/kg, 0.0096 mg/kg, and 0.0074 mg/kg (fluorometric assay), and 0.0120 mg/kg, 0.0224 mg/kg, and 0.0106 mg/kg (colorimetric assay), respectively. Finally, such a convenient and sensitive sensing assay was successfully applied for quantification of OPs in pear and Chinese cabbage with good recoveries ranged between 80.19 and 116.93%.