Effectiveness of Parenting Training on Emotional and Behavioral Problems in First through Fourth Grade Thai Children with ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of parenting training on emotional and behavioral problems of first through fourth grade Thai children with ADHD compared with routine clinical care in a university hospital in southern Thailand. Material and methods Caregivers of the children were invited and assessed for eligibility. Eighty children with ADHD were randomly assigned to either a parenting training group or a routine clinical care group. The primary caregivers of the parenting training group participated in 6 120-minute weekly sessions in addition to routine clinical care. Caregiver and teacher ADHD ratings and oppositional-defiant disorder ratings were collected at the time of enrollment and after the 6 weeks of training in both groups. The differences in scores in both groups were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA. Results Each arm had 40 participants. The mean (SD) age of the children was 8.3 (1.1) years and their mean (SD) age at the first diagnosis of ADHD was 6.8 (1.3) years. Most of them were receiving methylphenidate for treatment of their ADHD. The mother was the primary caregiver for 83.5% of the children. The ADHD symptoms and oppositional-defiant symptoms showed significant improvement after receiving the treatment in both groups; however, no significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion Adding parenting training to the routine clinical care for children with uncomplicated ADHD who are being medicated was not more effective than the routine clinical care alone. However, the power of this study is limited, and follow-up is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness.