The learning curve of laparoscopic ablation of liver tumors: A technically demanding procedure requiring dedicated training

Laparoscopic ablation (LA) of liver tumors is an increasingly performed procedure. However, LA is technically demanding, with inherent difficulties making LA more complex than percutaneous and open surgery ablations. This study aimed to characterize the learning curve (LC) of LAs. All consecutive LAs of malignant liver tumors performed with curative intent by a single surgeon were identified from a prospective database. A risk-adjusted cumulative summative (RA-CUSUM) analysis was used for evaluating the LC of LAs. Incomplete ablation (IA) was the outcomes measure. Performance trends were analyzed using broken-line modeling. From June 2007 to February 2018, 241 lesions underwent LA during 151 procedures. RA-CUSUM analysis demonstrated an LC of 93 LAs (p