Performance of serum procalcitonin as a biochemical predictor of death in hematology patients with febrile neutropenia

Historically, the measurement of serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients with leukopenia has been rejected without sufficient prospective evidence to justify this argument. On the other hand, the accumulated use of broad spectrum antibiotics in these patients and their consequences make the use of PCT attractive in an effort to reduce its use. We conducted a prospective study between 2016 and 2018, recruiting newly diagnosed FN patients, evaluating them with PCT levels during the first 24 h. After this we evaluate them with overall survival throughout the follow-up. A total of 81 episodes of FN in 72 patients were included. We report a mortality of 27.2% in our cohort. The mean serum PCT in these patients was 4.01 ng/mL compared to 0.42 ng/mL in the survivors group (p 0.46 ng/mL had an increased risk of death, with a HR of 4.43, (p = 0.048). In conclusion, in our trial a single PCT on admission at a cut-off value of 0.46 ng/mL was able to predict the occurrence of septic shock and death in FN patients.