Demonstration of advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression in bladder cancer tissue in type‐2 diabetic and non‐diabetic patients and the relationship between AGE accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress with bladder cancer

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression and accumulation in transurethral resection (TUR‐B) material taken from type‐2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non‐DM bladder cancer patients and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) with bladder cancer. Method The patients who had TUR‐B between May 2016 and September 2018 were included in the study. After the tissue samples had been taken and frozen at −80°C, they were homogenised to be used in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments. The patients were grouped as DM and non‐DM. In both groups, mean AGE, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 expression amounts were evaluated through ELISA method in the pathological material. Results The expression amounts in tissue samples were AGE 0.59 ± 0.03 µg/mL, ATF6 1.08 ± 0.11 µg/mL, IRE1 30.71 ± 1.68 ng/mL, PERK 0.28 ± 0.02 ng. It was /mL. While there was no significant difference amongst AGE µg/mL (P = .146), ATF6 µg/mL (P = .175), IRE1 ng/mL (P = NA) and PERK ng/mL (P = .125) (P > .05) in the presence of DM, a positive correlation was observed between AGE values and PERK ng/mL values (r = .629; P