Triticum monococcum amylase trypsin inhibitors possess a reduced potential to elicit innate immune response in celiac patients compared to Triticum aestivum

[Display omitted] •T. monococcum ATIs reduce IL-8 and INF-γexpression on tissue explants and T-cells from celiac patients.•T. monococcum ATIs show a higher susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis compared to common wheat.•T. monococcum might be suitable for non-celiac wheat sensitivity patient diet. Several studies reported a role of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) of common wheat species in promoting immune reactions. Here, we investigated in celiac disease (CD), the immunogenic properties of ATIs from diploid compared to common hexaploid wheats after an in vitro proteolytic hydrolysis. ATIs purified from two lines of diploid Triticum monococcum (TM), Monlis and Norberto-ID331, and from Triticum aestivum (TA), Sagittario, were digested with pepsin-chymotrypsin (PC) enzymes and analyzed using a proteomic approach, and subsequently their immune stimulatory properties were investigated on jejunal biopsies and T-cell lines from CD patients. No significant expression of IL-8 and TNF-α were detected on biopsies cultured with ATIs from TM in comparison with ATIs from TA. No significant IFN-γ production was observed in intestinal gliadin- raised T-cells in response to ATIs from both TM and TA wheats. Proteomic results revealed that both TM ATIs showed reduced stability to proteolytic enzymes compared to TA ones. TM ATIs are substantially different from those of TA, showing a reduced ability to trigger the innate immunity in CD and a higher susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis.