Effect of bowel preparation on intestinal permeability and inflammatory response during postoperative ileus in mice

Postoperative ileus entails pathophysiological changes in mucosal permeability and an intestinal inflammatory immune response. We hypothesized that preoperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract combined with preoperative mechanical bowel preparation might be advantageous to prevent or reduce permeability changes and immune response in postoperative ileus. Postoperative ileus was induced in mice by standardized small bowel manipulation. Intervention groups received selective decontamination and/or intestinal lavage with normal saline simulating mechanical bowel preparation before postoperative ileus induction. At 1, 3, and 9 hours after surgery, ileum samples were harvested for measurements of fluorescein (332 Da) permeability, quantification of tumor necrosis factor α-mRNA level, and leukocyte infiltration of the intestinal wall. Mucosal fluorescein permeability increased at 1 hour (8.6 ± 1.1 vs 5.9 ± 0.9 10–6 cm/s; P < .01) and 3 hours (8.5 ± 0.6 vs 6.5 ± 0.2 10–6 cm/s; P < .05) after induction of postoperative ileus. This increase was prevented by mechanical bowel preparation and selective decontamination+mechanical bowel preparation interventions at both points in time. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α was more than 2-fold increased (P < .05) in the very early phase after induction of postoperative ileus but did not occur in mechanical bowel preparation-pretreated animals. Myeloperoxidase staining revealed that mechanical bowel preparation inhibited postoperative ileus-associated leukocyte infiltration of the intestinal muscularis at 3 and 9 hours after surgery, but not selective decontamination + mechanical bowel preparation treatment. The number of leukocytes after mechanical bowel preparation-only treatment remained at the level of sham-controls. Mechanical bowel preparation prevents permeability and leukocyte infiltration of the intestinal wall in the early phase of postoperative ileus in mice.