Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts for Lignocellulose Valorization

Transition metal sulfides are an extraordinarily vital class of semiconductors with a wide range of applications in the photocatalytic field. A great number of recent advances in photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass, the largest renewable carbon resource, into high‐quality fuels and value‐added chemicals has been achieved over metal sulfide semiconductors. Herein, the progress and breakthroughs in metal‐sulfide‐based photocatalytic systems for lignocellulose valorization with an emphasis on selective depolymerization of lignin and oxidative coupling of some important bioplatforms are highligted. The key issues that control reaction pathways and mechanisms are carefully examined. The functions of metal sulfides in the elementary reactions, including CO‐bond cleavage, selective oxidations, CC coupling, and CH activation, are discussed to offer insights to guide the rational design of active and selective photocatalysts for sustainable chemistry. The prospects of sulfide photocatalysts in biomass valorization are also analyzed and briefly discussed. Recent advances in metal‐sulfide‐based photocatalytic valorization of lignocellulose are reviewed. Structures, roles, and functioning mechanisms of metal sulfides in biomass conversions are carefully analyzed. The unique properties of metal sulfides in catalyzing CO‐bond cleavage, selective oxidation, CC coupling, and CH activation under light irradiation are highlighted and discussed to inspire future breakthroughs.