Limited upper mini-sternotomy approach for closed heart surgery in the newborns and infants

Background The mini-sternotomy has become a common approach of choice for a wide range of congenital defects requiring minimally invasive surgery. Here, we aimed to present closed heart surgery results via limited upper mini-sternotomy in the newborn and infants. Methods A total of 46 infants who underwent pulmonary artery banding, patent ductus arteriosus ligation, and aortopexy via limited upper mini-sternotomy between December 2017 and October 2020 were enrolled. Patients included 26 males and 20 females with ages ranging from 2 days to 12 months (median age 3.25 ± 0.9 months). The weight ranged from 0.7 kg to 8 kg (median weight 3.6 ± 1.8 kg). These patients were evaluated retrospectively in terms of clinical, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters. Results Closed heart surgery procedures were corrected successfully without adverse events intraoperatively. The median operation time was 32 min (32 ± 7 min). The limited upper mini-sternotomy was performed on 46 patients, including the pulmonary banding (18 patients), PDA ligation (16 patients), and aortopexy (12 patients). No patients required conversion to full sternotomy or to extend the incision. Re-intervention to adjust the tightness of the band was required in 1 patient. There were 4 cases of mortality (8.6%). All four death cases had comorbidity and low birth weight (2500 g or less). Conclusion Limited upper mini-sternotomy is a technically feasible, safe, and effective approach that providing an adequately surgical view in closed heart surgery to reduce the invasiveness of the closed heart surgical repair via median sternotomy or thoracotomy approach.