Exploration of glutathione reductase for abiotic stress response in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Key message A total of seven glutathione reductase ( GR ) genes were identified in Triticum aestivum , which were used for comparative structural characterization, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling with the GR genes of other cereal plants. The modulated gene expression and enzyme activi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Plant cell reports 2022-03, Vol.41 (3), p.639-654 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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A total of seven
glutathione reductase
(
GR
) genes were identified in
Triticum aestivum
, which were used for comparative structural characterization, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling with the
GR
genes of other cereal plants. The modulated gene expression and enzyme activity revealed the role of GRs in abiotic stress response in
T. aestivum
.
Glutathione reductase (GR) is an enzymatic antioxidant that converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH) through the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. In this study, a total of seven
GR
genes forming two homeologous groups were identified in the allohexaploid genome of bread wheat (
Triticum aestivum
). Besides, we identified three
GR
genes in each
Aegilops tauschii, Brachypodium distachyon, Triticum urartu
and
Sorghum bicolor
, which were used for comparative characterization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the clustering of GR proteins into two groups; class I and class II, which were predicted to be localized in cytoplasm and chloroplast, respectively. The exon–intron and conserved motif patterns were almost conserved in each group, in which a maximum of 10 and 17 exons were present in chloroplastic and cytoplasmic
GRs
, respectively. The protein structure analysis confirmed the occurrence of conserved pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase (Pyr_redox) and pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase dimerization (Pyr_redox_dim) domains in each GR. The active site of GR proteins consisted of two conserved cysteine residues separated by four amino acid residues. Promoter analysis revealed the occurrence of growth and stress-related
cis
-active elements. Tissue-specific expression profiling suggested the involvement of
GRs
in both vegetative and reproductive tissue development in various plants. The differential expression of
TaGR
genes and enhanced GR enzyme activity suggested their roles under drought, heat, salt and arsenic stress. Interaction of GRs with other proteins and chemical compounds of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle revealed their coordinated functioning. The current study will provide a foundation for the validation of the precise role of each
GR
gene in future studies. |
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ISSN: | 0721-7714 1432-203X |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00299-021-02717-1 |