Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome in adolescent and young adult patients

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curable treatment option for adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The study aim was to evaluate epidemiological data and identify prognostic factors for AYA patients with MDS undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Here, 645 patients were selected from patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective registry for HSCT from 2000 to 2015. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS). Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. The 3-year OS was 71.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.4–74.6%). In multivariable analysis, active disease status (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09–2.18, p = 0.016), poor cytogenetic risk (1.62, 1.12–2.36, p = 0.011), poor performance status (2.01, 1.13–3.56, p = 0.016), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donors (2.23, 1.39–3.59, p