Outcomes of second stage cesarean section following the use of a fetal head elevation device: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To explore maternal and perinatal outcomes of women undergoing full dilatation cesarean section (CS) who had compared to those who did not have application of fetal head elevation device (FHED). Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl, Clinical Trial.Gov and Google Scholar databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies exploring maternal and perinatal outcomes in women having compared to those not having FHED at full dilatation CS. The outcomes explored were: hysterotomy to delivery time (sec), mean estimated blood loss (ml), blood loss > 1000 mL, need for blood transfusion, uterine incision extension, operative complications, need for re-operation, urinary retention, hospital re-admission, length of in hospital stay, Apgar score < 3 at 1 min, Apgar score < 7 at 5 min, neonatal arterial Ph, arterial pH