Array‐Based Biosensors for Bacteria Detection: From the Perspective of Recognition

Array‐based biosensors have shown as effective and powerful tools to distinguish intricate mixtures with infinitesimal differences among analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, microorganisms, and other biomolecules. In array‐based bacterial sensing, the recognition of bacteria is the initial step that can crucially influence the analytical performance of a biosensor array. Bacteria recognition as well as the signal readout and mathematical analysis are indispensable to ensure the discrimination ability of array‐based biosensors. Strategies for bacteria recognition mainly include the specific interaction between biomolecules and the corresponding receptors on bacteria, the noncovalent interaction between materials and bacteria, and the specific targeting of bacterial metabolites. In this review, recent advances in array‐based bacteria sensors are discussed from the perspective of bacteria recognition relying on the characteristics of different bacteria. Principles of bacteria recognition and signal readout for bacteria detection are highlighted as well as the discussion on future trends in array‐based biosensors. This review discusses versatile strategies for bacteria recognition in array‐based biosensors to distinguish intricate mixture of bacteria with infinitesimal differences. Strategies include the specific biomolecule‐receptor interaction on bacteria, the noncovalent interaction between materials and bacteria, and the specific targeting of bacterial metabolites. Recent advances in array‐based bacteria biosensors are discussed from the perspective of bacteria recognition.