IL-27/IL-27R Mediates Protective Immunity against Chlamydial Infection by Suppressing Excessive Th17 Responses and Reducing Neutrophil Inflammation

IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL-12 family, has diverse influences on the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified the protective role of IL-27/IL-27R in host defense against respiratory infection and further investigated the immunological mechanism. Our results showed that IL-27 was involved in infection and that IL-27R knockout mice (WSX-1 mice) suffered more severe disease, with greater body weight loss, higher chlamydial loads, and more severe inflammatory reactions in the lungs than C57BL/6 wild-type mice. There were excessive IL-17-producing CD4 T cells and many more neutrophils, neutrophil-related proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in the lungs of WSX-1 mice than in wild-type mice following infection. In addition, IL-17/IL-17A-blocking Ab treatment improved disease after infection in WSX-1 mice. Overall, we conclude that IL-27/IL-27R mediates protective immunity during chlamydial respiratory infection in mice by suppressing excessive Th17 responses and reducing neutrophil inflammation.