The role of 14‐3‐3 proteins in cell signalling pathways and virus infection

14‐3‐3 proteins are highly conserved in species ranging from yeast to mammals and regulate numerous signalling pathways via direct interactions with proteins carrying phosphorylated 14‐3‐3–binding motifs. Recent studies have shown that 14‐3‐3 proteins can also play a role in viral infections. This review summarizes the biological functions of 14‐3‐3 proteins in protein trafficking, cell‐cycle control, apoptosis, autophagy and other cell signal transduction pathways, as well as the associated mechanisms. Recent findings regarding the role of 14‐3‐3 proteins in viral infection and innate immunity are also reviewed.