Electrotherapy for urethral modulation: Are extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors potential targets?

Aims To evaluate the expression of genes and proteins involved in the urethral components: vessels, nerves, and extracellular matrix, in female rats after trauma by vaginal distension (VD) and after electrical stimulation therapy (electrotherapy). Methods We analyzed the urethras of three groups of 18 female rats 30 days posttrauma by VD: control (no interventions); trauma (animals that had VD); and electrotherapy group (those that had VD and were treated with electrical stimulation). We compared the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), collagen types I and III (COL1a1 and COL3a1), and lysyl‐oxidase like 1 (LOXL1) among the groups. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used for molecule quantification. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test and analysis of variance for statistical analyses with p