Postpartum circulating microRNA enhances prediction of future type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes

Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have greater than a sevenfold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. Accurate methods for postpartum type 2 diabetes risk stratification are lacking. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are well recognised as biomarkers/mediators of metabolic disease. We aimed to determine whether postpartum circulating miRNAs can predict the development of type 2 diabetes in women with previous GDM. Methods In an observational study, plasma samples were collected at 12 weeks postpartum from 103 women following GDM pregnancy. Utilising a discovery approach, we measured 754 miRNAs in plasma from type 2 diabetes non-progressors ( n = 11) and type 2 diabetes progressors ( n = 10) using TaqMan-based real-time PCR on an OpenArray platform. Machine learning algorithms involving penalised logistic regression followed by bootstrapping were implemented. Results Fifteen miRNAs were selected based on their importance in discriminating type 2 diabetes progressors from non-progressors in our discovery cohort. The levels of miRNA miR-369-3p remained significantly different ( p