Outdoor scale‐up of Leptolyngbya sp.: Effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on photoinhibition and ‐oxidation

The effect of light intensity and inoculum volume on the occurrence of photooxidation for Leptolyngbya sp. QUCCCM 56 was investigated, to facilitate the transition from small‐scale laboratory experiments to large‐scale outdoor cultivation. Indoor, the strain was capable of growing at light intensities of up to 5600 µmol photons/m2/s, at inoculation densities as low as 0.1 g/L (10% inoculation volume vol/vol). Levels of chlorophyll and phycocyanin showed a significant decrease within the first 24 h, indicating some level of photooxidation, however, both were able to recover within 72 h. When cultivated under outdoor conditions in Qatar during summer, with average peak light intensities 1981 ± 41 μmol photons/m2/s, the strain had difficulties growing. The culture recovered after an initial adaptation period, and clear morphological differences were observed, such as an increase in trichome length, as well as coiling of multiple trichomes in tightly packed strands. It was hypothesized that the morphological changes were induced by UV‐radiation as an adaptation mechanism for increased self‐shading. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating ciliates could have also affected the outdoor culture. Both UV and contaminants are generally not simulated under laboratory environments, causing a mismatch between indoor optimizations and outdoor realizations. Indoor to outdoor transitions of algae cultivation is a challenging process. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of various parameters (light intensity, culture density and temperature) for scale‐up of a locally isolated Leptolyngbya sp. strain. It was found that PAR light intensities were not the reason behind challenging indoor‐outdoor transitions, rather the spectrum of light (including UV‐radiation). However, after an initial adaptation period the strain was able grow outdoor and increase in phycocyanin productivity.