Trace element concentrations in water and Clupeonella cultriventris caspia in the Southern Caspian Sea and Assessment of Potential Risk to Human Health

Despite the fishing pressure on common kilka ( Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) and the importance of the Caspian Sea, there are little data on trace element levels in those. Therefore, the concentrations of 27 trace elements were measured in water ( n =15) and C. cultriventris ( n =1050) collected from the southern Caspian Sea. The concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Zn in the water exceeded permissible limits and posed potential ecological risks to the aquatic biota, especially in the southeastern region of the Caspian Sea. The estimated daily intakes of As, Cd, Co, Hg, Mn, Pb, Sb, and V from the consumption of C. cultriventris were higher than the acceptable daily intake recommended by the JECFA and USEPA. However, the target hazard quotients and hazard index values were lesser than one. It appears that C. cultriventris provides a small amount of essential element nutrition for consumers. In conclusion, this study revealed that consumers are exposed to As, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb, and, V through the consumption of C. cultriventris . Also, the concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Zn in water showed significant ecological risk.