Modeling and Optimization of Fixed-Nozzle Targeted Chlorination

Environmental limits on chlorine levels in power plant cooling water discharges have prompted the development of various techniques to reduce the use of chlorine without impacting plant performance. One such technique is targeted chlorination. The concept is to chlorinate a fraction of the condenser tubes at a time with a relatively high chlorine concentration that, after passage through the condenser tubes, will mix with the unchlorinated flow to meet the discharge criterion. This paper describes a mathematical model of the impingement of chlorinated jets on a condenser tubesheet to predict the distribution of chlorine concentrations in the tubes as a result of injection through fixed nozzles. This model is shown to compare well with physical model measurements. In the second half of the paper, the optimization of a fixed-nozzle targeted chlorination system for practical applications is discussed. An example is given to illustrate the procedure.