TB or not TB: A comprehensive review of imaging manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis and its mimics

The ever-growing prevalence of tuberculosis is a cause for concern among both developing and developed countries. Abdominal tuberculosis is the most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and involves almost all of the visceral organs. Clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis is often non-specific. Thus, having a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to aide early diagnosis and guide prompt initiation of appropriate treatment. In this review, we focus on the entire spectrum of abdominal tuberculosis and other diseases mimicking it with an emphasis on their imaging findings. •TB is a major health concern worldwide given its ever-increasing prevalence.•Abdominal TB is the most common site of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection.•Imaging features of abdominal TB may mimic a variety of other diseases.•Timely initiation of therapy is central to reducing related morbidity and mortality.