Production of Industrial Enzymes via Pichia pastoris as a Cell Factory in Bioreactor: Current Status and Future Aspects

Industrial enzymes have been widely preferred in various industries such as chemical production, food & beverage, pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics, etc. due to the advancements in recent years. They are considered more economic than using whole cells and more environmental-friendly than chemical alternatives. Since the demand for industrial enzymes has been rising, the development of production strategies has been gathered speed. In this respect, the efficiency of Pichia pastoris ( P. pastoris ) as a host for heterologous protein expression has proved and gained attention due to its great potential for large-scale studies. Especially high-cell density fermentation of P. pastoris is a well-studied and efficient method. Moreover, the improvements in the state of art gene-editing tools have broadened the possibilities of strain improvement for P. pastoris . This review summarized the role of P. pastoris as a cell factory by accentuating the accomplishments in biocatalyst production. Moreover, the benefits and challenges of the most relevant expression systems named Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ), P. pastoris and recent evolvements and future directions were revealed in detail. Subsequently, offers for prospects and the latest evolvements to enhance the recombinant protein production were discussed.