A comparative study of transradial versus transfemoral approach for flow diversion

Purpose Data in neurointerventional literature is extremely limited regarding the safety and efficacy of flow diversion using transradial access (TRA). We aim to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of intracranial aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) using TRA compared to transfemoral access (TFA). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database and identified 79 consecutive patients who underwent neuroendovascular embolization for cerebral aneurysms using the PED from April 2018 through October 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups: TRA (32 patients) and TFA (47 patients). A comparative analysis was performed between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in postoperative intracranial hemorrhage ( p >.99), symptomatic ischemic stroke ( p =.512), access site complications ( p =.268), or other complications ( p =.512). However, there was a significant increase in overall complications (14.9% vs. 0.0%, p =.038) and procedure duration (71.4 min ± 31.2 vs. 58.5 ± 20.3, p =.018) in the TFA group. There was no significant difference in complete occlusion at latest follow-up (19/25, 76.0% vs. 35/40, 87.5%; p =.311), 6-month follow-up (17/23, 73.9% vs. 33/38, 86.8%; p =.303), or 12-month follow-up (8/8, 100.0% vs. 5/6, 83.3%; p =.429). There was also no significant difference in rate of retreatment ( p >.99), morbidity ( p =.512), mortality ( p >.99), latest follow-up ( p =.985), or loss of follow-up ( p =.298). Conclusions The feasibility and efficacy of flow diversion with the PED via TRA for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is comparable to TFA. Widespread adoption of this approach may be facilitated by improvements in device navigation and manipulation via radial-specific engineering.