Sex-specific incidence rates and risk factors for fracture: A 16-year follow-up from the Tehran lipid and glucose study

To examine the population-based incidence of any-fracture and its potential risk factors in a sex-split cohort of the Iranian population. A total of 3477 men and 4085 women with a mean (SD) age of 47.92(13.1) and 45.88(11.47) years, respectively were entered into the study. The age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were reported for the whole population and each sex separately. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for potential risk factors. Only fractures requiring inpatients' care were considered as the outcome. We also defined major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) as the composite of the fractures that occurred in the vertebral, wrist, hip and pelvic sites among population aged ≥50 years. During the median (IQR) follow-up of 15.9 years, 4.34%men and 3.75% women experienced at least one incident any-fracture. The annual age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) among men and women were 330.9 (279.6–388.9) and 319.4(268.1–377.3) per 100,000 person-years, respectively; the corresponding values for incidence of MOF was 202.2(142.3–278.6) in men and 342.1(260.4–441.0) per 100,000 person-years for women. In the multivariable model, among the whole population, age groups ≥50 years, central obesity [HR: 95% CI 1.77(1.32–2.39)], current smoking [1.59(1.15–2.20)] and using steroid medications [2.20(1.04–4.67)] significantly increased the risk of incident fracture (all P