Preparation of Stretchable Nanofibrous Sheets with Sacrificial Coaxial Electrospinning for Treatment of Traumatic Muscle Injury

Traumatic muscle injury with massive loss of muscle volume requires intramuscular implantation of proper scaffolds for fast and successful recovery. Although many artificial scaffolds effectively accelerate formation and maturation of myotubes, limited studies are showing the therapeutic effect of artificial scaffolds in animal models with massive muscle injury. In this study, improved myotube differentiation is approved on stepwise stretched gelatin nanofibers and applied to damaged muscle recovery in an animal model. The gelatin nanofibers are fabricated by a two‐step process composed of co‐axial electrospinning of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) and gelatin and subsequent removal of the outer shells. When stepwise stretching is applied to the myoblasts on gelatin nanofibers for five days, enhanced myotube formation and polarized elongation are observed. Animal models with volumetric loss at quadriceps femoris muscles (>50%) are transplanted with the myotubes cultivated on thin and flexible gelatin nanofiber. Treated animals more efficiently recover exercising functions of the leg when myotubes and the gelatin nanofiber are co‐implanted at the injury sites. This result suggests that mechanically stimulated myotubes on gelatin nanofiber is therapeutically feasible for the robust recovery of volumetric muscle loss. Myogenesis is evaluated on step‐wise stretched gelatin nanofibers in order to apply skeletal muscle regeneration scaffolds.