Surgical Approach and Use of Uterine Manipulator Are Not Associated with LVSI in Surgery for Early-stage Cervical Cancer

In 2018, the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer trial reported that patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for cervical cancer (CC) had poorer outcomes than patients undergoing open surgery. Several hypotheses have been made to explain the results. We aimed to investigate whether laparoscopic procedures and use of a uterine manipulator increase the risk of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in early-stage CC. A retrospective study. A Chinese women's and children's hospital. Patients with early-stage CC who underwent radical hysterectomy in West China Second University Hospital between April 2019 and May 2020. Laparoscopic surgery (with uterine manipulator and uterine manipulator-free) and open surgery. A total of 979 patients diagnosed with CC were registered in West China Second University Hospital for surgical treatment. Of these, 525 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery and 454 patients underwent open surgery. In total, 735 patients with early-stage cancer underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, including 357 by laparoscopic surgery and 378 by open surgery. For those who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, the incidence of LVSI was 48.41% and 47.34% in laparoscopic and open groups, respectively (p = .771). After 1:1 propensity score matching with age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pathology, and tumor size, the incidence of LVSI was 45.54% and 51.79% in laparoscopic and open groups, respectively (p = .186). Subdividing the laparoscopic group into uterine manipulator and uterine manipulator-free groups, the incidence of LVSI was 45.22% and 48.35%, respectively (p = .580). After propensity score matching with age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pathology, and tumor size, the incidence of LVSI was 45.78% and 55.42% in these 2 groups, respectively (p = .214). Multiple factor analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and deep stromal invasion were associated with LVSI (p value