A comparative study of sono‐urethrography using saline, agitated saline, and an ultrasound contrast agent in normal beagles

Sono‐urethrography is a technique used to evaluate the integrity of the urethra utilizing fluid dilation of the urethral lumen. The purpose of this prospective, method comparison, pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of sono‐urethrography in male dogs and to compare the quality of the images obtained using three different contrast solutions. The prostatic, membranous, and penile urethra was evaluated using saline, agitated saline, and ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue) in 10 adult, male Beagles. Visibility of the urethral wall was better with sono‐urethrography than with conventional ultrasonography, and the conspicuity of urethra could be assessed using all solutions. Hyperechoic lines created by agitated saline and Sonovue were more useful than anechoic saline in allowing identification of the urethra. Visibility scores for the internal margin of the urethral wall using sono‐urethrography were significantly higher with saline and one‐minute post agitated saline injection. However, the individual layers of the urethral wall could not be observed, regardless of the contrast solution used. Shadowing created by the pelvic bone deteriorated the window through which the urethra could be visualized, and this could not be overcome using sono‐urethrography. The results of this study indicated that sono‐urethrography is a feasible option for the visualization of the male urethra in dogs. The authors recommend sono‐urethrography using saline or agitated saline infusion to evaluate the urethral wall and lumen. Sono‐urethrography using ultrasound contrast agent can be applied to assess the integrity of the urethra by improving its conspicuity.