Bone regeneration in dentistry: an overview

Reconstructive surgery (RS) is necessary before implant placement to regenerate bone defects. Success rate of implants is related to RS and to the correct position of implants in residual crest. The most popular surgical procedures of RS are bone grafts, guided bone regeneration. Bone graft is the gold standard technique to achieve RS of edentulous crests. RS is a surgical technique that uses barrier membranes to promote osteoblast cells proliferation. RS is often combined with bone grafting procedures. Sinus floor elevation procedures are elective treatments when there is insufficient bone height for implant insertion in maxilla. Bone osteogenesis distraction is the process of RS between two bone segments in response to tensile stress. The aim of this short review is to analyze the different methods of RS: bone grafts, guided bone regeneration, maxillary sinus floor elevation, and bone osteogenesis distraction.