Incorporating verbal defense into problem-based learning

The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of adjusting the solution reporting phase of problem-based learning (PBL) while keeping core components of the pedagogy constant. A PBL course for third year pharmacy students changed delivery of the problem solution from a written format to a verbal defense. Comparisons were made between the written format and verbal defense groups. The primary outcome was the change in the motivation domain of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the learning strategies domain of the MSLQ, changes in MSLQ scores within each group, exam scores, and themes identified using focus groups. There was no difference in the change of motivation and learning domains between the groups. However, scores in both groups increased significantly from the beginning to the end of the semester for both motivation and learning. There was no difference in exam scores and facilitator confidence between groups. Themes from focus groups who used the written format were appreciation of PBL outcomes, discomfort with the pedagogy, and disconnect of assessments. Themes from the verbal format group were realism, increased confidence, and comments with course logistics. No difference in motivation and learning was observed between the groups, although both groups improved over the course of the semester. Changes to PBL approach within the confines of the pedagogy may not impact motivation and learning.